Thyroid
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Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland which produces different hormones amongst which the main are:
- Thyroxine (T4)
- Triiodothyronine (T3)
- Calcitonin
The first 2 control the process of tissue growth and development, metabolism and calcitonin controls the calcium metabolism in the cells, as well as takes part in growth and development of the bone tissues. The disorders of the thyroid are divided in 2 groups:
- Disorders caused by increased production of thyroid hormones hyperthyreosis, thyrotoxicosis which in turn may lead to a life threatening condition called the Thyroid storm.
- Disorders caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormones hypothyreosis
The level of thyroid hormones secretion is directly connected with the activity of other endocrine glands like hypophysis, hypothalamus, adrenal glands as well as the availability and presence of Iodine in food, and lastly the state of the nervous system.
Iodine deficiency is one of the main factors which may lead to thyroid gland disorders. This point is especially relevant in children, adolescents and during pregnancy.
The main symptoms of hyperthyroidism are:
- Increased heart-rate
- Sweating
- Tremor
- Blurred vision
- Irritability
- Somnolence
- Aggression
- Increased fatigability
- Overall weakness
- Increase or decrease of body weight
In cases when the treatment is not started the disorder may lead to changes in the heart muscle.
- Hypothyroidism on the other hand may manifest with the following:
- Weakness and increased fatigability
- Memory problems
- Decreased libido
- Changes in the menstrual cycle
- Dry skin
- Arrhythmia
- Swelling of the extremities
- Increased levels of cholesterol in blood
- Sleep disorders
- Depression
- Constipation
- Increased body weight
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